Context
truffle exec doesn't support CLI arguments natively. Use yargs-parser to parse process.argv in your script.
Usage
const argv = require("yargs-parser")(process.argv.slice(2));
module.exports = async (callback) => {
const name = argv?.n || "World";
callback(`Hello ${name}`);
};
truffle exec hello.js -n=Dung --network development
-n=Dung: Custom argument--network: Standard Truffle option (still works)